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SeeUnderSea

Precise and reliable approach to underwater mapping
Intro

Traditional approaches often fail to accurately represent the true condition of underwater infrastructure.

Vectrino’s unique methodology is based on large-scale underwater photogrammetry, designed to accurately reconstruct real-world geometry under complex marine conditions.
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It defines how underwater infrastructure is documented, ensuring that the digital record is measurable, stable, and comparable over time. The reliability of the model does not stem from technology alone, but from a controlled process of data collection and processing.
Process

Documentation process

Each step within the process directly impacts the reliability of the final model and the comparison of results over time.
001
Data collection
002
System calibration
003
Model reconstruction
004
Geometry verification
005
Dataset integration
006
Comparison over time
Principles

Five principles of reliable documentation of underwater infrastructure

001

Measurability

The digital model must enable precise measurements in real space. The dimensions in the model must correspond to the actual dimensions of the structure. If the model does not allow reliable measurements, it remains only a visual representation.
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Under appropriate operating conditions, it is possible to achieve geometric accuracy of approximately 2 centimeters at distances of 500m, which ensures reliable analysis of deformation and changes in underwater infrastructure.
002

Geometric stability

The model must maintain stable geometry across large areas of the structure. In large-scale infrastructure models, distortions can sometimes occur that are not present in the real structure. One example is the so-called “banana effect,” where the model slightly bends over, though the actual structure is straight.
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If such distortions exist, it becomes difficult to distinguish real changes in the infrastructure from modelling errors. Therefore, geometric stability is one of the key conditions for reliable infrastructure analysis.
003

Georeferencing

The digital model must have an accurate position with a real-world coordinate system. Each point in the model is defined by spatial coordinates (X, Y, Z), enabling the model to be linked to the actual location of the structure.

Georeferencing enables:

  • Precise positioning of objects within a real coordinate system
  • Comparison of different surveys over time and analysis of spatial changes
  • Integration with external systems (such as GIS, asset management platforms, or simulation environments)
  • Connecting with other datasets, such as sonar data

Without georeferencing, the model remains only a 3D representation without a real spatial reference.

004

Comparison over time

The greatest value of a digital model is not only its current representation, but the ability to compare it over time.

When the same object is recorded at different intervals, using the same methodology and coordinate system, it becomes possible to directly compare the models and identify changes.

Such analysis enables:

  • Analysis of crack development
  • Monitoring of material degradation

In this way, underwater infrastructure gains a digital record of its conditions over time.

005

Integration of materials

Large infrastructure is rarely documented using a single dataset.

Data often comes from multiple sources, such as:

  • High-resolution photogrammetric datasets (primary source)
  • Sonar
  • Drone recordings
  • Field measurements

For a digital model to be reliable, all datasets must be integrated into a unified coordinate system. This enables data connectivity and its application in digital infrastructure management systems, simulations, and other operational environments.

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